Eating disorder stereotypes ignore the fact that they can affect all genders, races, sexual orientations, ages and socio-economic backgrounds. Unfortunately, eating disorders disproportionately affect LGBTQIA+ individuals, yet these communities often encounter significant barriers to diagnosis and treatment.
On top of the common challenges with eating disorders, LGBTQIA+ people can face societal stigma, discrimination, lack of affirming care, and unique cultural pressures related to body image within LGBTQIA+ subcultures. A recent study by Mental Health Research Canada showed that LGBTQIA+ communities are a staggering 48% more likely to develop an eating disorder.
It’s critical that clinicians have a nuanced understanding of these distinctive challenges to be capable of providing the inclusive, affirming care LGBTQIA+ clients need on their recovery journey.
Why Affirming Care Matters
LGBTQIA+ individuals are at an increased risk of developing eating disorders due to factors like minority stress, societal rejection, and internalized stigma. They are also less likely to seek or receive treatment due to fears of being misunderstood, judged, or discriminated against.
Without affirming care, clients may feel alienated or invalidated, which can exacerbate their struggles. Clinicians can better support their LGBTQIA+ clients and create therapeutic experiences that build trust, promote open communication, and create a supportive environment through specialized training and education.
Strategies for Inclusive Care
Understand Minority Stress
Minority stress is the chronic exposure to discrimination, prejudice, and marginalization which significantly impacts an individual’s mental health.
For LGBTQIA+ individuals, these external stressors can trigger negative coping mechanisms, including disordered eating, body dysmorphia, and low self-esteem. Clinicians must be aware of how societal rejection (whether subtle or overt) can compound these issues and create emotional and psychological distress that influences eating behaviors.
Use Inclusive and Affirming Language
Using the correct pronouns (he, she, they, etc.) is a fundamental aspect of showing respect for LGBTQIA+ identities. It’s important to ask clients about their preferred pronouns and gender identity early in the treatment process and avoid assumptions about sexual orientation or gender identity based on appearance or other factors. This small but powerful gesture can help create a safe, inclusive environment.
Tailor Care to Unique Experiences
Learn about the distinct pressures that LGBTQIA+ subcultures may face, such as hyper-focus on aesthetics or body dysmorphia or dysphoria. Clinicians should take time to understand these cultural pressures and offer care that goes beyond just physical symptoms to address the psychological and social factors influencing eating disorders.
It's vital to ensure that recovery resources are inclusive and reflect the diverse experiences of LGBTQIA+ individuals. This could include reading materials, support groups, or recovery strategies that specifically address LGBTQIA+ issues.
Foster Safety and Trust
Creating a safe, open environment is essential for building trust with LGBTQIA+ clients. Clients need to feel that their identities are respected and that their struggles are heard without judgment.
Clinicians should listen actively, validate clients’ experiences, and provide an open platform for discussing sensitive issues related to gender, identity and sexuality.